Cities like Vancouver and Toronto are home to some of Canada’s top-ranked universities and colleges, but living there can be expensive for students. The cost of living in these cities averages between C$2,000 and C$2,600 per month, even when sharing housing and looking for deals on groceries, phone bills, and other expenses. Across Canada, the average monthly rent for a two-bedroom apartment was C$1,550 in late 2025. Even split a few ways, rent can be a large part of most students’ budgets. Fortunately, many Canadian cities are home to great academic institutions and are more affordable. The eight cities below are among the most affordable cities in Canada for international students, based on having average rent prices lower than the national average.

To create this list, we used October 2025 data (the most recent available) from the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation which listed the average monthly rent for a two-bedroom apartment in cities larger than 10,000 people across Canada. As most students share housing, keep in mind that the rental costs below would be split between two or more people.

Balance your student budget with these budgeting strategies for international students.

Image Credit: Grahampurse, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

8. Regina, Saskatchewan

Regina has the most affordable average monthly rent among Saskatchewan’s larger communities at C$1,473 for a two-bedroom (2BD) apartment. And, every year, Regina welcomes thousands of international students to its six public postsecondary institutions. This vibrant capital city hosts many festivals and events, especially during the summer, but is also known for urban greenspace: its Wascana Centre park is three times bigger than New York City’s Central Park!

Students also save on health care premiums, as the government of Saskatchewan provides free basic healthcare coverage (via a Saskatchewan Health Card) to international students after three months in Canada.

Academic institutions to consider in Regina: Saskatchewan Polytechnic, University of Regina

Image Credit: Waynercook, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

7. Red Deer, Alberta

Red Deer is a growing city in central Alberta, and hosts international students from over 25 countries at its post-secondary academic institutions. As a more affordable hub than Edmonton and Calgary, Red Deer’s two-bedroom apartments average C$1,414 per month.

Students who love the outdoors will enjoy exploring over 100 kilometres of trails through the city’s Waskasoo Park, or taking weekend trips to the nearby Rockies.

Thinking of studying in Red Deer? Consider enrolling at Red Deer Polytechnic.

Image Credit: Quintin Soloviev, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

6. Fredericton, New Brunswick

Did you know that Fredericton has one of the highest per capita clusters of engineers in North America? The University of New Brunswick’s engineering faculty has been training engineers since 1854. As such, it makes sense that over 70% of the province’s knowledge industry is based in Fredericton. Unlike many other tech hubs, however, monthly rent is below the national average at C$1,413 (2BD).

As a fairly walkable city, students can also save money on transportation!

Academic institutions to consider in Fredericton: New Brunswick Community College, St. Thomas University, University of New Brunswick

Image Credit: Michel Rathwell from Cornwall, Canada, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

5. St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador

Thousands of international students receive a warm East Coast welcome as they arrive in St. John’s every year. Newfoundland and Labrador’s locals pride themselves on their creativity and community spirit (perhaps most famously captured in the Broadway musical Come From Away). First established as a fishing outpost, St. John’s is now a key service hub for the offshore oil and gas industry, and home to a lively arts and cultural sector. 

While students must budget for other higher expenses due to the city’s more remote location, rent prices are competitive. In late 2025, average monthly rent was C$1,361 (2BD).

Academic institutions to consider in St. John’s: College of the North Atlantic, Memorial University of Newfoundland

Image Credit: Robert Cutts from Bristol, England, UK, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

4. Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (PEI)

Charlottetown sits at the heart of PEI, Canada’s smallest province. In fact, on most parts of the island, you’re never more than a 15-minute drive from the Atlantic Ocean!  This charming maritime city has an average monthly rent of C$1,300 (2BD), and is home to over 80 different international student populations, all drawn to the island’s excellent academic opportunities and its calm, historic, and creative character. 

As students are a sizable part of Charlottetown’s population, their youthful energy shapes the city through supporting diverse businesses, participating in local events, and coming up with entrepreneurial ideas and startups of their own.

Thinking of studying in Charlottetown? Consider attending the University of Prince Edward Island.

Image Credit: New Brunswick Tourism, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

3. Saint John, New Brunswick

Saint John, New Brunswick is known for being home to some of Canada’s oldest institutions and most respected research centres, as well as the beautiful Fundy National Park. As Canada’s only officially bilingual province, public education is offered in both English and French across New Brunswick. Students will thrive, thanks to class sizes which are often smaller than in larger centres. The overall cost of living is more affordable in Saint John compared to many other Canadian cities, and rent averaged C$1,290 per month (2BD).

Academic institutions to consider in Saint John: New Brunswick Community College, University of New Brunswick

Image Credit: Wilfredor, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

2. Québec City, Québec

Québec City, particularly the walled cobblestone streets of Old Québec, charm visitors and locals alike. Students can enjoy Québécois traditions like visiting sugar shacks in the spring for maple syrup or celebrating St. Jean Baptiste Day with fireworks and concerts in June. On average, rent was C$1,227 (2BD) in late 2025.

In general, international students will find their tuition rates and cost of living are more affordable across the province of Québec, compared to much of North America. However, outside of bilingual Montreal (which had the most affordable average rent among larger Canadian cities, at C$1,346), most classes are taught in French. So, Québec City is a great option for students with strong French-language skills or who are from Francophone countries.

Academic institutions to consider in Québec City: Aviron Québec College Technique, BLI Canada – Québec City

Image Credit: Cantons-de-l’Est, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

1. Sherbrooke, Québec

One of the most affordable Canadian cities for international students is Sherbrooke, Québec. Located 160 km east of (or about a two-hour drive from) Montréal, Sherbrooke is Québec’s unofficial “college town.” Sherbrooke has the largest concentration of students in Quebec, which helps to keep rental rates affordable as most students aren’t looking for luxury housing options. In late 2025, CMHC reported that 2BD apartments averaged C$1,062 per month.

Sherbrooke is also a very bikeable city, for students who want to use active transit, and locals enjoy its lively cultural scene and outdoor activities (like skiing, snowshoeing, and hiking) through all four seasons.

Thinking of studying in Sherbrooke? Consider enrolling at Bishop’s University.

We hope that this list has inspired you to look into these eight great cities. From coast to coast to coast, Canada has a lot to offer international students.

Interested in studying in one of these affordable Canadian cities? Match up with in-demand programs for future intakes on the ApplyBoard platform.

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When preparing to study abroad, every student must understand and be able to communicate how their academic credentials align with qualifications in their study destination. Sometimes, international students must build up their skills before they can start their degree. A popular way to do this is through a pathway programme. Below, we look at the types of pathway programmes in Ireland, and what kinds of students are suited to each one.

How to Choose a Pathway Programme

A pathway programme is an introductory course which students take before enrolling in a longer course at a university or college. Many pathway courses are taught on-campus, so students will have time before they start their degree to become more familiar with campus life and resources. Pathway programme students are also usually welcome to use campus facilities like gyms and libraries.

Here’s how common student needs can align with different pathway programmes:

• Need to improve English language proficiency?
  Enrol in a pre-sessional English for Academic Purposes programme.
• Require additional coursework before starting an undergraduate degree?
  (Common examples are students with a secondary school diploma which isn’t recognized for year-one entry to a degree, or who need to improve specific academic results)
  Build the required skills with an International Foundation Year programme.

• Moving to a new field of study, need to improve academic English skills before postgraduate study, or returning to academia after a study gap?
  A Pre-Master’s Pathway Programme could be a good fit.

We’ll look closer at each of these programmes below.

Pre-Sessional English for Academic Purposes (EAP) Programmes

In a Pre-Sessional English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programme, students level up their academic English skills by participating in lectures, projects, and presentations. In class, students build their communication and project skills both individually and in groups. 

Undergraduate and postgraduate students may participate in EAP courses, but it’s important to check with the academic institution for entry qualifications, as there may be separate classes for different study levels. For example, at University College Dublin, the International Pre-Master’s Pathway Programme supports incoming postgraduate students who don’t yet meet the English language requirements for their degree.

Across Ireland, EAP programme duration varies: some courses are intensive and only last four to six weeks, where others last several months. After completing the EAP programme, graduates generally progress to their degree course in September.

Many education providers offer pre-sessional EAP programmes. Ensure the programme meets national standards by checking for its TrustEd Ireland quality mark.

International Foundation Year Programmes

First, it’s good to know this type of pathway programme has a few different names. At some institutions, it might be called “International Foundation Programme,” (IFP) or “International Foundation Year” (IFY). It might also be referred to as a “Certificate in Foundation Studies.” 

These programmes usually last for one academic year, and are smaller than typical university lecture classes. Many institutions offer different IFY/IFP streams for different fields of study, so students pick up additional skills which will be relevant to their future degrees.

To apply for IFP/IFY programmes, students generally require an IELTS score of 5.0 or higher. However, some programmes note that students who intend to go on to competitive fields like health or medicine will require an English language proficiency score of at least IELTS 5.5 (or equivalent in another accepted proficiency test). 

In general, IFY/IFP graduates go on to first-year undergraduate studies at an Irish university. Some institutions have in-house IFY programmes, and guarantee progression to eligible courses at their institution to graduates. There are also independent foundation colleges and institutions which can prepare students for degree-level study at institutions across Ireland and even around the world. Independent options can be more flexible, but they often have higher tuition fees. Ultimately, as students research IFP/IFY options, it’s important to understand where they’ll be equipped to study after graduation.

Pre-Master’s Programme

These Irish pathway programmes support international students as they prepare for postgraduate study. Many include English-language support as well as classes that teach study strategies and research methods. Some pre-master’s courses are designed for students who want to transition into a new academic field. These courses allow students to build their fundamental knowledge in the new subject area before starting their postgraduate degree.

Pre-master’s programme students complete regular coursework, reports, essays, and other structured assignments, often aligned to their chosen master’s degree. They must also take oral and written exams.

Programmes vary in length, commonly depending on a student’s English language proficiency. While some programmes last for a full academic year (nine months), others are just one trimester long. In all pre-master’s programmes, students must balance a mix of self-study and classroom-based study time. To graduate, students must achieve or exceed a set passing grade in their academic and English language modules.

From timelines to application requirements, prepare for your postgraduate study application with our helpful guide.

Life as a Pathway Programme Student

Pathway programme students attend class at a dedicated academic institution, university, or college, and learn alongside fellow international students. It’s a great time to get used to living in Ireland and pick up local knowledge.

Instructors receive specific training to work with international students. They are equipped to provide support or resources to students experiencing common challenges, from language gaps to homesickness.

No matter which programme students choose, these programmes will help to set them up for success in their future studies.

Ready to find an Irish pathway programme that fits your study goals? Use the free ApplyBoard platform to start your search today.

The post Explore Pathway Programmes for International Students in Ireland appeared first on ApplyBoard.

Germany is a compelling destination for many international students. Students choose its universities and colleges for their excellent academic reputation, affordable or free tuition, the diversity of fields, and the opportunity to learn and work alongside renowned researchers. 

Many students are also attracted to the lively cultural and sports scenes across the country. Additionally, Germany’s central location in the European Union makes it an easy hub to explore the rest of Europe during semester breaks.

When choosing where to study in Germany, keep in mind that the community’s size, local climate, and culture will all affect students’ overall experience. Read on to learn more about what life outside the classroom is like across Germany.

ApplyBoard is proud to partner with institutions in Germany which offer international students future-facing academic experiences. Visit our platform to find a course which suits your goals.

Culture

Even the hardest-working students can’t be in class all the time, so it’s important to think about what they’d like their overall experience abroad to be like. 

Here are some good questions for students to consider when choosing a study city:

• Which hobbies or sports would I like to pursue?
• How do I feel about learning German? (Living in smaller towns and cities may require functional levels of German)
• Will I be working part-time? If so, what kinds of companies are in different communities, and where are there English-language jobs?
• Does my programme include an internship or other work placement? (Universities are more likely to partner with local industry for work placements)
• Do I need access to specific foods (vegan, halal, etc.)?
• Would I rather be close to nature, cultural activities, or a mix of the two?
• Do I plan to live on- or off-campus?

Students interested in mountain sports or who are in related study programs, like geology or tourism would thrive in southern German cities like Munich and Stuttgart. These are also great cities for students in cultural fields, given these cities’ strong arts and cultural sectors. 

Equally, those studying maritime fields, whether supply chains or marine biology, could be a good match for the northern parts of the country, where cities like Hamburg, Schwerin, and Bremen are located.

In eastern Germany, Berlin is a draw for many international students, and has 33 universities to choose from! Students enjoy free or discounted admission to galleries, libraries, and other cultural attractions, which can make living in the city more affordable. The city’s vibrant nightlife supports many different genres of music, performance, and theatre.

Let’s take a closer look at these and some other top student cities. Hover over or click on a city marker for more details:

When preparing to choose where to live, it’s also worth thinking about how much students want to stay connected to their own culture. While each campus might offer some cultural support, like access to a chapel or prayer room, celebrations of multicultural holidays, or social groups, bigger communities are more likely to have larger numbers of international students and other immigrants. This will translate into different perks for different students: for some, it’s having more than one local restaurant with food that reminds them of their auntie’s. For others, it’s access to sports leagues, films or theatre in their first language, or being able to connect with a larger faith community.

Lifestyle is a key determining factor in an international student’s cost of living. Learn what the current cost of living looks like in Germany on our blog.

Climate

While much of Germany enjoys a temperate climate, its seasons can vary from year to year. Students should be prepared for colder, longer winters in southern Germany, near the Alps, and foggy, rainier weather along the northern coast. In northern Germany, temperatures change less from season to season, moderated by the west winds off of the North Sea. 

Inland, in the hilly central and southwestern regions, there is more temperature variation, making each season more distinct. In general, mountainous areas are wetter and cooler, and the lowlands are warmer and drier. Southeastern Germany, especially in its river valleys, sees the coldest temperatures in winter and the hottest summer days.

International students used to sunny winters should brace for grey skies in Germany. Britannica notes that “one less-agreeable feature of the German climate is the almost permanent overcast in the cool seasons.” Winter temperatures are colder as one travels from west to east, with the average temperature in Berlin in January hovering around freezing (0°C or 32°F). It’s smart to purchase a warm coat, boots, and gloves after arriving in Germany to stay warm.

Overall, though, most international students will find that Germany’s climate is welcoming. Many of its cities have a warm, humid continental climate, which makes being outside pleasant for much of the year.

Community Size

For students who want a big-city experience, Berlin, Hamburg, Frankfurt, and Munich are industrial and financial hubs. These cities are also some of Germany’s most international communities. 

That said, locals share that each of these cities have distinct cultures and social patterns, which stem from the fact that before unification in 1871, Germany was made up of dozens of semi-independent states and free cities.

Meanwhile, smaller cities like Salzburg and Dresden are more historic and picturesque, but it can be harder to get by with just English in your daily life. 

No matter where you settle in Germany, it’s a good idea to learn some German: basic phrases, greetings, food words, and numbers are good places to start. You’ll feel more confident, and being willing to learn German can help to connect you with other community members.

For international students planning to study in Germany, it takes time and care to choose where to live and which institution to attend. By keeping the three Cs (climate, community size, and culture) in mind, students will be better equipped to choose a programme and community that fits their needs.

Search for study opportunities in Germany on the free ApplyBoard platform.

The post How to Choose Where to Study in Germany appeared first on ApplyBoard.

From filling out an initial program application to receiving a student visa, turning study abroad dreams into a reality takes patience and care. 

Upon arriving in Canada, opening a student bank account is an important part of settling in as an international student. Doing so requires some time and research to figure out which bank and accounts are a good fit, and some banks require an in-person meeting to set up an account. But, once students have tackled these first steps, banking in Canada is fairly straightforward! We’ll go through the process, step by step, below. From key documents, to how different banking products work, we’ve got you covered.

Getting ready to go? Check out our pre-arrival checklist for international students!

Step 1: Gather Key Documents

Before students decide on a bank, it’s important to prepare all the documents they need to prove their identity. To open student bank accounts, one must show at least two pieces of identification (ID). One document must show their full name and address, and the other must include their full name and date of birth.

Acceptable ID may include their:

• Passport
• Letter of Acceptance
• Study permit
• Canadian driver’s license
• Canadian or Provincial/Territorial Government Identification Card
• Proof of address, like a lease agreement or recent utility bill (may vary by region)

Some banks may also accept an institution-issued student card as valid ID. It’s smart to bring multiple pieces of ID to the bank, just in case. 

Note: Canadian financial institutions require original physical documents. (Digital scans and photocopies are not accepted as valid ID).

Step 2: Choose a Bank

To open an account, international students may need to visit their bank in person. Check the bank’s website or call the local branch to see what their requirements are.

Canada has five major banks, which have branches in most communities. They are:

• Bank of Montreal (BMO)
• Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC)
• Royal Bank of Canada (RBC)
• Scotiabank
• Toronto-Dominion (TD) Canada Trust

Other banking options include credit unions, or direct banks such as Simplii Financial or Tangerine.

Step 3: Choose the Account Type(s)

All banks offer different accounts and services, but it’s smart to ask about student account options (often fee-free with proof of enrolment) and new account incentives.

If students only open one banking account, make it a chequing account. This is the account needed for most of their purchases, so make sure it’s a Canadian dollar account and has no monthly fees.

We also recommend opening a savings account. Besides offering higher interest than a chequing account, a savings account is useful for budgeting. Transferring money into a savings account each month can help students stay on top of their spending and develop good financial habits.

During the bank appointment, it’s also smart to ask about:

• Where to find a direct deposit form or void cheque (which is needed to set up a paycheque at a part-time job, or to include with a rental lease off campus)
• How to set up Interac e-transfers
• How banking fees work (what is included with the plan and what costs extra)
• Any minimum balance rules (having a set amount of money in the account at all times)
• How to switch accounts or renew their student status with the bank

Following a budget is an important part of balancing life and study overseas. Check out our top budgeting strategies for international students.

Step 4: How to Use Student Bank Accounts

After choosing a bank and opening a student bank account, students will be given a debit card. They’ll also be given, or will choose, a PIN (personal identification number), which is essentially a passcode linked to the card. 

The PIN protects against other people using the account. It’s important to never share the PIN with anyone else. Also, don’t make it something that’s easily guessed, like a birthday.

Once the debit card is activated, students may:

• Make debit card purchases
• Withdraw and deposit money at ATMs or bank branches

Most banks and financial institutions also offer online banking services. Using online banking, account owners can check their account balance, make payments, and even transfer money to another account at any time. Bank branches are usually only open Monday to Friday during the day and have limited hours on evenings and weekends. So, students will likely use online banking services most often, but should avoid using public wifi (like at coffee shops and libraries) while banking.

Being an international student is a great experience, but it also comes with risks. Here are some tips for avoiding international student scams.

Step 5: Consider Getting a Credit Card

In Canada, banks typically offer cards from one of three credit card companies: Visa, MasterCard, or American Express. Visa and MasterCard are the most widely-accepted options.

Credit cards are convenient, but if students don’t pay most or all of the balance off every month, their debt can add up quickly. Before signing up for a credit card, reviewing the terms and conditions is essential. They can also contact the campus’ international student office for guidance if they have any questions. There’s no shame in asking questions to better understand how the card works.

Some banks offer student credit cards, but in general, finding one with the lowest possible interest rate works well. Even if they don’t think they’ll need to use a credit card, it may be a good idea to apply for one anyway to build their credit rating in Canada.

Other options for financial support include applying for a student loan or line of credit. These generally have lower interest rates than credit cards, but sometimes require collateral or a safety deposit. So, if students don’t make payments on their loan, their collateral may be forfeited and they’ll be charged a higher interest rate. As with a credit card, it’s really important to understand the terms of a loan or line of credit. Students should take their time to consider their options, and shouldn’t feel rushed into signing up.

Did you know that ApplyBoard offers student loans in partnership with top banking organizations from around the world? Learn more and find a loan that helps you invest in your future success.

Thanks for reading! You now know a little more about how to open student bank accounts in Canada. For more student budgeting tips, visit the ApplyBoard blog.

The post How to Open Student Bank Accounts in Canada appeared first on ApplyBoard.

Because every country’s education system is different, it can take some work to match up your academic credentials with what your target courses require. If your credentials need a boost before you can start your desired course, you can gain the skills you need through a pathway programme. This blog explores the types of pathway programmes, also called “foundation programmes,” available in the United Kingdom, and which students are best suited to each one.

Did you know that some courses in the UK have built-in practical learning opportunities? Learn more about sandwich courses and work placements on our blog.

Choosing Your Pathway Programme

A pathway or foundation programme is an introductory course taken before enrolling in a longer course at a university or college. Most of these programmes are taught on-campus, so during their pathway programme, students will still gain familiarity with UK culture and the institution’s teaching style. Students may also use main campus facilities like libraries and athletic centres.

Because different UK pathway programmes serve different students, think about what you need to accomplish before applying. 

• Need to improve your English language proficiency?
  Apply for a Pre-Sessional English course.
• Did your secondary school end in Year or Grade 12?
  Most students in the UK take Grade 13, so enhance your skills to match them with a Bachelor’s Preparation/Foundation Year course.
• Are your credentials overqualified for a Foundation Year program?
  Look at an Accelerated Bachelor’s Preparation course.
• Moving to a new field of study for your master’s degree, or returning to academia after time away?
  A Pre-Master’s Programme might be right for you.

We’ll dive into what each of these programmes are below. Read on!

Pre-sessional English

Pre-sessional English programmes are great for students with good grades who need to build their academic English language skills. These courses last from a few weeks to a year. They’re taught by professors trained to work with international students who are familiar with common challenges and learning styles.

Students enrolled in these courses will gain:

• Academic writing skills
• Research skills
• Strengthened presentation skills
• Analytical and critical thinking skills

You won’t earn an academic credential from a pre-sessional English course. It’s also good to know that you may not work while taking one, unlike other pathway programmes. However, you may include it in your degree course application to prove your language proficiency and improve your chances of acceptance.

Considering a degree at Royal Holloway, University of London, but need to improve your academic English first? Their Pre-Sessional English Language Preparation course could be a great first step. 

Bachelor’s Preparation Courses (International Foundation Year/International Year Zero)

Because most students in the UK enter university after Year 13, and many students elsewhere graduate after Year (or Grade) 12, international students need to catch up. They can do this with Bachelor’s Preparation courses.

Bachelor’s preparation course content is equivalent to the UK curriculum for Year 13, and taking it allows international students to enter first-year studies with the same knowledge as their UK-based peers. Participants also benefit from a support system that includes personal development plans, smaller classes, and access to Student Support Officers. These courses are a year long, and may include English-language study, but not all do. So, check the course outline before applying to ensure it suits your needs.

The exception to the Year 13 rule is Scotland, where undergraduate degrees are four years long, not three. At Scottish institutions, students may start their studies after finishing Year/Grade 12. For students who graduated in Grade/Year 11, Scotland offers pathway programmes to bridge that gap.

Students who graduate from Bachelor’s Preparation courses are guaranteed a place at the university affiliated with the prep course. This sets students up for the next step in their study journey.

Depending on the degree course you’d like to pursue, there may be a tailored International Year Zero programme that lays the foundation for your degree. For example, Bangor University International College offers different International Year Zero programmes which transfer over to degrees ranging from Law to Electronic Engineering.

Accelerated Bachelor’s Preparation/International Year One

International Year One courses are taught on-campus by instructors trained to work with international students. Classes combine Foundation Year studies with first-year course material. Students study the same material as mainstream first-year students, but receive extra academic and English-language support. As such, these pathway programs are best for international students who don’t qualify to start a bachelor’s degree immediately, but who are overqualified for the International Foundation Year.

Taking an Accelerated Bachelor’s Preparation course? You’ll earn academic credit, and can transition to the second year of your degree in as little as seven months. This allows you to graduate at the same time as your UK-based peers, while also saving money on living expenses and tuition.

The University of Liverpool’s International College offers Pre-Master’s and Bachelor’s Preparation courses that prepare students to learn at this prestigious Russell Group university.

Pre-Master’s Programme

In a Pre-Master’s course, you’ll build academic skills, complete research projects, and hone your scholarly writing. Study skill development and English-language training are also key parts of the curriculum. These UK pathway programs take up to a year to complete.

Pre-Master’s programmes can support students:

• Transitioning to a different field.
• With a long gap between their undergraduate degree and applying for their master’s.
• Who wish to improve their technical writing abilities.
• With credentials that don’t meet the degree course’s language or academic requirements.

Prepare for your master’s degree in a wide variety of disciplines at the University of Strathclyde International Study Centre in Glasgow.

Life as a Pathway Programme Student

During your pathway programme, you’ll attend classes at a UK university and study alongside fellow international students. These courses will help you gain familiarity with the university’s assessment style, and give you time to settle into your new country. 

No matter which option you choose, UK pathway programmes can help you prepare for degree-granting courses. We wish you the best on your journey! 

Find the right UK pathway programme for your academic goals on the ApplyBoard platform.

The post Explore Pathway Programmes and Foundation Programmes in the UK appeared first on ApplyBoard.

Whether you’re aiming for a research career or a corporate role, getting some work experience while studying helps you develop important skills and shape your career. You might discover your dream career while in a work placement (or just as importantly, jobs you don’t want to do). You’ll also work in different work environments, which can teach some of the skills you’ll need to excel in a professional setting.

Note: This post is provided only as information, and provides information which is current as of May 2026.

Scholarships can make studying abroad more accessible. Learn more about some of the most popular scholarship options for international students in Germany!

Why Consider Work Experience During Your Studies?

Here are a few benefits of work-integrated learning: 

• Some employers may request local work experience, which you can get through on- or off-campus work.
• If the company thought you did well during your work placement, they may offer you a full-time job after graduation. 
• Graduates may not need to apply for entry-level positions if they have measurable work experience. This may mean a higher salary and better benefits.

Dual Study Programmes

Some of the best-known work-integrated learning opportunities in Germany are Dual Study programmes. These programmes blend hands-on and in-class learning. After finishing one of these programmes, graduates often will have earned both a degree and a vocational qualification. Dual study programmes are available in many different fields, including sales, skilled trades, IT, and nursing. Plus, in most cases, students are paid for the work they do for a company during their dual degree.

Because dual degree students also need to sign a job contract with a company when they start their degree, the enrolment process can feel more complicated. There are also limited numbers of English-language dual study programmes, these positions are highly sought after. (There are more German-language programmes, so international students with German proficiency have an advantage.) If you have questions about your eligibility for dual study, ask your university’s Akademisches Auslandsamt (AAA), or international office, for support.

Dual study programmes have three main streams. Depending on your academic goals and experience, one of the streams may work better for you than others. Read on to learn if the career-integrated, practice-integrated, or training-integrated stream is right for you.

Career-Integrated Dual Study

The most work-forward of the three streams, in which students work full-time. The work they do is considered “vocational further training,” so this stream is most popular among professionals with extensive experience looking for continued professional development.

The coursework component of career-integrated dual study programmes is often self-driven, similar to a distance-learning course, and topics are closely connected to the practical work.

Practice-Integrated Dual Study

In this programme, students alternate between participating in study phases and working phases. Course content relates to the practical training, and graduates earn an academic degree that allows them to practice their profession. 

However, while graduates gain extensive work experience, they do not also earn an academic degree in a recognized occupation requiring formal training. This is a key difference between practice-integrated and training-integrated dual study programmes.

Training-Integrated Dual Study

In this stream, students will study and work at the same time in an occupation that requires formal training. Programme content is linked between the student’s placement and in-class learning. Graduates earn both an academic degree that allows them to enter a profession, and an academic degree in a recognized occupation which requires formal training.

Internships

International students may complete paid or unpaid internships while studying in Germany. Internships generally take place during the break between semesters.

However, unless your internship is a compulsory part of your study programme, it counts toward the total time you may work as a non-EU international student (which is set at up to 140 days per year, or 280 half days). As a student, you’re also limited to working 20 hours per week or fewer. This is true whether your internship is paid or unpaid.

Work-integrated learning opportunities during your studies can prepare you for success, both while you’re a student and after graduation. While dual study programmes may be more challenging to find for students without German language proficiency, watch for internship opportunities or on-campus roles like being a research or student assistant, locally known as a ‘Hiwi,’ or tutor affiliated with a lecture or seminar class. While these opportunities are part-time jobs, rather than work-integrated learning, these roles are excellent ways to build transferable, employable skills.

Discover more academic institutions in Germany that offer practical learning opportunities on the ApplyBoard platform.

The post Learning Beyond the Classroom: Work-Integrated Learning Opportunities in Germany appeared first on ApplyBoard.

The United Kingdom (UK) is a premier destination for global student talent. It’s home to some of the world’s oldest and most respected English-speaking universities, which have been educating students for more than 800 years.

Below, we’ll look at:

• The UK’s education system
• Study options available to international students
• How to apply for course admission
• Application deadlines
• The cost of studying and living in the UK (current as of 2026)
• Common documents required to apply for a student visa

Why Study in the UK?

Thousands of international students choose the UK every year. Here are three key reasons why.

High-Quality Education

The UK’s education system is widely respected for its research and teaching strengths. In Times Higher Education’s 2026 World University Rankings, five of the world’s top 30 universities were in the UK. Students can build a strong, current skill set in their field through learning from active researchers and professors with extensive industry knowledge. 

After graduation, students’ credentials are recognized worldwide. New grads are often sought-after by top employers, whether they’re building their career in the UK through the Graduate Route, returning to their country of citizenship, or pursuing a global opportunity in a third destination.

Flexible Learning Options

Every student’s academic history and goals are different. Fortunately, there are many routes into higher education in the UK. If you need to build a specific set of skills before starting your degree, pathway programs, foundation years, and pre-sessional English courses can help. 

Some students can complete their degree faster, making studying in the UK more affordable. (A shorter course also means you’ll spend less on daily expenses like rent and groceries!) It’s possible to earn a bachelor’s degree in three years, and a master’s degree in one year.

Post-Study Work Eligibility

The Graduate visa, also called the Graduate Route, is a post-study work visa that allows international graduates to look for work, be self-employed, or work in most jobs in the UK. You can use your post-study work experience as a launchpad for your global career.

Bachelor’s and master’s degree holders who receive a Graduate visa may currently stay in the UK for two years (note: the maximum duration will drop to 18 months on January 1, 2027), and doctoral degree holders may stay for up to three years.

Learn more about who’s eligible for the Graduate Route and how to apply.

UK Education System Overview

England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland are each distinct countries within the UK. As such, their education systems all look a little different. However, across the UK, all education systems have the same basic structure, and all students must attend school between the ages of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) and 16.

Primary School

• For students who are 5 to 11 years old
• Includes Kindergarten to Year 6
  

Secondary School

• For students who are 11 to 16 years old 
• Includes Years 7 to 11 
• Students complete standardized exams 
• Students graduate with a General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) or the National Qualifications (NQ) examination in Scotland
  

Further Education (FE)

• For students aged 16 to 18 years old 
• Includes Years 12 and 13, skills training, or higher vocational education like City and Guilds or Foundation Degrees
• Also includes adult education outside of universities, taught at FE colleges and adult and community learning institutions
  

Higher Education

• For students aged 18+
• Undergraduate degree: 3+ years, depending on course and student history (4+ years in Scotland) 
• Postgraduate degree: 1 to 2 years 
• Doctoral degree (like a PhD): 3 to 5 years

Foundation Courses

Depending on your needs, there are different pathways where you can build your skills before starting a higher education course, or access support for adjusting to your studies in the UK.

Let’s take a closer look at different kinds of foundation (sometimes called pathway) courses. All of these programs vary by content, length, and what they enable graduates to do.

English Language Programs

• Offered by schools, colleges, universities, and private providers
• Duration: A few weeks, a term, or even a year long
• Intensive language immersion
  

International Foundation Programme/Year

• An academic prep course that bridges gaps between the UK and other international education systems, and is generally equivalent to UK Year 13
• Duration: 2 to 3 terms
• Can include language study 
• Brings international students up to A-level equivalency
• Sometimes built into an undergraduate degree, sometimes offered separately
  

International Year One

• For students who are academically ready for higher education but need extra support as an international student or English language learner
• Equivalent to the first year of an undergrad course; students start Year 2 of their bachelor’s degree after graduating from IYO
• Duration: 2 to 3 terms
• Can be completed locally or at an institution in the UK
  

Pre-Master’s Programme

• Students complete English requirements and prep classes in their intended area of study
• Duration: 2 semesters to 1 year
• Students may be placed into streams aligned with their future course (business, science)

Admission Requirements

The course application process will look different depending on your study level. Most future undergraduate students apply for courses through UCAS (the UK’s Universities and Colleges Admissions Service), where postgraduate students apply directly to their target universities.

While specific requirements vary, below are standard requirements for each study level. 

Undergraduate Degree

• Completion of A-levels or equivalent
• Proof of English language proficiency 
• Course-specific prerequisite classes (math, biology) 

Master’s Degree

• Completion of an undergraduate (bachelor’s) degree or equivalent work experience in a relevant field
• Proof of English language proficiency
• Course-specific prerequisite classes
• Admissions tests (like a GRE or GMAT) or an interview may be required

Doctoral Degree (i.e.: PhD)

• Completion of a master’s degree 
• Proof of English language proficiency 
• Course-specific prerequisite courses and, usually, research experience 

Not sure how your credentials align with UK ones? The UK National Information Centre (UK ENIC) is a helpful resource.

Other Requirements

Personal Statement

At the undergraduate level, personal statements must respond to three standard questions:

• Why do you want to study this course or subject?
• How have your qualifications and studies helped you to prepare for this subject?
• What else have you done to prepare outside of education, and why are these experiences useful?

Personal statements allow the institution to learn more about you beyond your grades. Statements have a 4,000 character-count limit (for all three answers).

References

Institutions request references to vet the information students provide. Eligibility criteria for referees varies by institution—some require an academic reference, where others may allow employers or other individuals to be references.

More good things to know:

• Referees should be people who can speak to your academic ability and work ethic.
• Undergraduate applicants submitting via UCAS may only include one reference.
• Past or current partners, friends, or family members aren’t eligible referees. Your application may be cancelled if you use one of these people as a reference.

English Language Proficiency 

Some students must show proof of their English language skills. The most popular way to do this is with an English proficiency test, including: 

• TOEFL
• IELTS
• UKVI IELTS
• Pearson Test of English (PTE)
• Cambridge English exam
• Duolingo English Test

Minimum scores and eligible test types vary. Before you write any tests, ask your target institutions which tests they accept and what the minimum score requirement is.

Interviews

Prospective students may have to complete an interview with the institution they’re applying to. 

Students from countries which are considered “high-risk” must also complete a UK credibility interview. The UK credibility interview lasts 20 to 30 minutes, and will be conducted by a staff member at a UK Visas and Immigration office.

Portfolio

A portfolio may be required for courses including art, software engineering, or architecture.

Timelines and Deadlines

Think of meeting application deadlines as your first test—and one you want to pass. Stay on track by writing down the important dates in the application process, and posting them somewhere else you look at regularly, like above your desk or on the fridge door. Or keep them with you as calendar reminders on your phone.

Here are some key times of year for students submitting applications via UCAS:

Mid-October

• Deadline for competitive professional courses like medicine and dentistry

Mid-January

• Early deadline for most programs for students applying via UCAS
• Submit applications promptly, as some courses close when they reach capacity

End of June

• Recommended final deadline for international students to ensure they’ll have enough time to apply for and obtain a visa after receiving their confirmation of acceptance

Cost of Living and Financial Assistance

In early 2026, international undergraduate tuition ranged from £11,400 to £38,000 per academic year. Meanwhile, postgraduate tuition ranged from £9,000 to £30,000. (Note: these averages don’t include professional courses like medicine, law, or veterinary science.)

Some common living expenses:

Set up your budget with our guide to the cost of living in the UK as an international student.

Funding Options

Let’s look at some of the funding options which make studying abroad more affordable. Eligible students may also work while studying in the UK.

Scholarships, grants, and bursaries

• Offered by institutions, government sources, and foundations. 
• They may cover tuition, or a combination of tuition and living expenses. 
• Bursaries, grants, and scholarships do not need to be repaid. 

Learn about some of the most popular scholarships for international students in the UK.

Student Loans

• Loans are offered by financial institutions to help cover study and living expenses.
• Unlike scholarships, loans must be repaid.

Working While Studying

• Full-time students studying at or above the degree level on a UK student visa can work up to 20 hours per week during the semester.
• Eligible students enrolled in courses below degree level may work up to 10 hours per week during the semester.
• Students may work up to 40 hours per week during scheduled breaks like winter holidays.
• Student visa holders may not be self-employed (freelance) or set up their own business.

The Student Visa Process

International students will require a Student visa, or a Child Student visa if they’re between the ages of 4 and 17. 

When applying, all future students must provide their:

• Passport or other valid travel documentation
• Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS)
• Proof of payment of the immigration health surcharge

They may also need to provide some or all of the following:

• An Academic Technology Approval Scheme (ATAS) certificate
• Biometric information
• Parental consent and proof of parental relationship (if under the age of 18)
• Proof of English language proficiency
• Proof of funds (for course fees and living expenses)
• Tuberculosis test results 
• Written consent from your financial sponsor if you’ve received sponsorship for your course fees and living costs over the past 12 months

Read more about the UK visa process for international students.

We hope this guide to studying in the UK is helpful! Wherever you are in your study abroad journey, we wish you every success.

If you’re looking for a course to match your dream of studying in the UK, check out the ApplyBoard platform. From aerospace engineering to zoology, find the course that suits you.

The post Studying in the United Kingdom: What You Need to Know appeared first on ApplyBoard.

Two important parts of becoming an international student are understanding your responsibilities while abroad, and knowing which opportunities your studies make you eligible for. If you’re currently studying in, or planning to study in the United Kingdom, read on: we’ll talk about some UK policy updates which might affect your journey below.

Did you know London was ranked the world’s best student city from 2019 to 2025? Find out what makes it a great place to study.

Shorter Graduate Route Begins in 2027

Many international students plan to gain international work experience through the UK’s Graduate visa (also known as the Graduate Route). This post-study work visa allows you to look for work, be self-employed, or work in most jobs after graduation.

Historically, bachelor’s and master’s degree grads were permitted to stay and work in the UK for up to two years with a Graduate visa, and doctoral grads (like PhDs) could stay and work for up to three years. That said, the Graduate Route is evolving. Beginning January 1, 2027, this visa will transition to a maximum of 18 months for bachelor’s and master’s graduates. Graduate visa holders with a doctoral degree may still work in the UK for up to three years.

The Graduate visa may not be extended, but these visa holders may apply for other work visas.

As almost all degrees starting in 2026 will end after this change takes effect, new bachelor’s and master’s students should factor the shorter Graduate visa duration into their plans. It also affects current international bachelor’s and master’s students who will graduate after January 1.

Be Prepared for the Current Student Visa Maintenance Amount

When submitting a Student visa application, some students must show proof they can support themselves financially. If this is true for you, note that you must show you have access to enough money to pay your tuition for one academic year (up to nine months), plus a set amount to support your daily expenses. Currently, the cost of living amount is set at:

• £1,529 per month if you’re studying in London or one of its boroughs
• £1,171 per month if you’re studying outside London

If you don’t know if your academic institution is in the greater London area, check your Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies (CAS) form. It includes your financial requirement amount.

As the financial proof amount above is tied to the average cost of living in the UK, it’s updated regularly. Depending on your location and lifestyle, your personal budget may be higher or lower than the set amount. Check official sources like the UK government’s website when you start your visa application for the most current numbers.

Drafting your student budget? Use our guide to the cost of living in the UK for international students.

The UK Remains a Popular Destination for International Students

Famous for academic excellence, the UK attracts thousands of international students every year. Degrees from UK-based institutions are respected worldwide, and graduates are sought after. All academic institutions are held to a high standard, and students can use lists like the Register of Regulated Qualifications to compare different institutions before they enrol.

Plus, the Graduate Route still offers international students flexible opportunities. Visa holders may work in most jobs, be self-employed, and look for work if needed. They may also travel abroad and return to the UK while holding this visa. Visa holders may also do voluntary work for a registered charity or government-appointed body.

This update to the Graduate Route may change your post-study timeline, but you’ll remain eligible to apply for other work visas, like the employer-sponsored Skilled Worker visa. Health care grads may also be eligible for the Health and Care Worker visa. 

Note: English-language requirements for several work visas climbed in 2026. The new minimum language requirement is B2 on the Common European Framework for Reference of Languages scale (IELTS equivalent: 5.5 to 6.5), up from B1 (IELTS 4 to 5). 

No matter where you are in your study journey, we wish you continued success. As you prepare to become an international student, watch for government or institution changes which could affect your studies. For reliable updates, check reputable sources like official government sites or the UK Council for International Student Affairs (UKCISA).

Ready to go? Explore thousands of options for studying in the UK on the ApplyBoard platform.

The post Key Policies Affecting International Students in the UK in 2026 appeared first on ApplyBoard.

Curious about becoming a postgraduate student in Australia? Australian postgraduate courses attract dedicated, insightful students, and the country is home to many top-tier academic institutions. Below, we’ve assembled a postgraduate application process guide, which will take you through the key steps toward becoming an international student in Australia.

As you explore study abroad options, you’ll find each country has its own application process and requirements. Before assembling your applications, refer to the related course pages on the ApplyBoard platform for up-to-date information.

Securing student housing is another key step in becoming an international student. Find your new home quickly and easily with our partner University Living.

Creating Your Postgraduate Application Roadmap

Consider starting your research as early as 24 months before your desired course begins. Starting early should help you feel less rushed! Start by talking with people you know who have worked or studied in Australia. Find out what they wish they knew before they landed. Everyone’s experience is different, so the more folks you talk to, the better idea you’ll have of what life in Australia can be like. 

With 20 months to go, continue researching and/or working with your student advisor to create a list of target courses. Remember: to study in Australia, the only people who are legally able to give you immigration assistance are a registered migration agent, a legal practitioner, or an exempt person.

Researching specific course requirements can also help you draw up your application roadmap. Some requirements may be tied to your country of origin, where others will be required by your course, like tests you must take before applying. These tests may include postgraduate standardized tests and English language proficiency tests like TOEFL and IELTS. 

Remember: The English proficiency level required for your course and the one required for a student visa may be different.

If you’re a citizen or long-term (10+ years) permanent resident of a recognized English-speaking country who completed secondary or tertiary education there, you may not need to show proof of English proficiency.

Understanding Postgraduate Standardized Tests 

Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) 

The GMAT is a standardized test for master’s of business administration (MBA) applicants. While some business schools accept both GMAT and GRE scores, if you’re planning to work in consulting, management, or logistics, the GMAT may be a better fit.

Its sections include:

• Analytical writing assessment (essay format)
• Integrated reasoning
• Quantitative reasoning (algebra, arithmetic, and geometry)
• Verbal reasoning

You’ll have two minutes at the end of the GMAT to accept or cancel your score. So, go into the test with a target score in mind, and understand whether your chosen institutions require your best score or all scores from all of your attempts. 

Graduate Record Examinations (GRE)

The GRE measures your readiness for postgraduate study. While it’s not as commonly requested in Australia, if you’re taking a competitive science, business, or engineering course, you may need a GRE score. The GRE is adaptive, so how you score in early sections will affect how easy or hard later sections are. Let’s look at the two types of GRE: General Tests and Subject Tests. 

The GRE General Test is a multiple-choice exam which takes around two hours to complete. You may complete it at a test centre, or online with a virtual proctor. It assesses your: 

• Verbal reasoning
• Quantitative reasoning
• Analytical writing skills 

GRE Subject Tests are for students with an extensive background or undergraduate major in a specific discipline. Taking a GRE Subject Test can help you highlight your subject knowledge. GRE Subject Tests are available for: 

• Math
• Physics
• Psychology 

How to Prepare for Graduate Admissions Tests

To better understand each test’s timing and style, take online practice tests. Once you take the GRE or GMAT, if you don’t like your score, you may re-take the test. However, each attempt requires paying the exam fee again. Save your money and build your confidence by using free practice tests first! 

We recommend taking the GRE or GMAT 15 to 18 months before your course’s intake date. This gives you time to re-test, if needed, and means you won’t worry about getting your results before the course deadline. 

Is the GMAT or the GRE right for you? Explore which test maximizes your strengths and suits your course requirements on our blog.

Assembling Your Course Applications

With 12 to 13 months to go, start building your postgraduate course applications. You’ll want to identify documents that need external verification early. This proactive approach helps to ensure your timeline will be smooth and predictable.

The documents you’ll want to request early could include:

• Academic transcripts from your previous studies (postgraduate and/or undergraduate).
• Any documents you’ll need to have translated into English (transcripts, degrees, awards), as they must be translated by a government-accredited translator or your school’s registrar.
• Related study or work experience which may be used towards recognition of prior learning at some institutions (which can allow you to reduce your course duration)
• Letters of reference confirming your professional experience.

Also, start assembling a resume and a portfolio of work, if you’re applying to a course that requires one. Programs like architecture, software engineering, and design may ask for portfolios. 

To obtain certified copies of academic transcripts or diplomas/degrees, contact the institution where you completed your undergrad. Processing times can vary, and you may need to have your documents translated, so it’s wise to request these early.

Lastly, ask for letters of reference from employers who can speak clearly and precisely about your work experience. An unspecific letter can actually hurt your chances of being accepted. Let references know which institutions you’re applying to, the deadlines, and what’s required of them, so they can write the best letter possible.

Submitting Your Applications

Once your postgraduate application materials are ready, start applying. We recommend starting to apply for programs 9 to 10 months before you want to begin your studies. This gives you enough time to apply for immigration documents.  

Use the Australian Government’s visa processing times guide for a current estimate of how long your student visa will take to process. As of March 2026, on average, Australian student visas took 33 days to be issued, but could take up to 6 months.

Your timing may also be shaped by your target course’s application deadlines. Many courses start exclusively in February.

Australian universities have two main intake periods:

• Primary Intake: Application deadlines are in October or November. The semester starts in February.
• Secondary Intake: Application deadlines are in April or May, with the semester starting in July.

Some universities have minor intakes in September or November. Their application deadlines are around two months before classes start.

Common application requirements include:

• An official bachelor’s degree transcript, or a diploma transcript for a postgraduate diploma or a certificate program which meets the minimum GPA requirement.
• Proof of language proficiency.
• Standardized test scores: Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT).
• An educational credential assessment establishing the equivalency of coursework completed outside of Australia.
• Proof that you meet the health requirement, which may require health examinations.
• Proof of identity, usually a passport.
• Proof of financial capacity (tuition and living expenses).
• A copy of your research (thesis/project) topic.
• A CV or resume.
• Letters of recommendation.
• A portfolio.

Institution Responses and Student Visas

With four to five months to go, you should be hearing back from the institutions you applied to. Now, work independently or with an international student advisor to make your course selection, accept and return the offer, and pay a deposit if required. 

Your Australian student visa can take as little as a couple of weeks or as much as six months to process. So, it’s smart to start your application early. 

As part of the visa application, you must complete an online Genuine Student requirement that addresses your personal and academic history, and intent to study while in Australia. You’ll also speak to potential concerns, like if you took a leave from your studies, or have a conditional offer of admission. To complete this requirement, you’ll answer a series of standard questions, each in 150 words or less, and provide supporting documents to back up your answers. By sharing this context, you can strengthen your application.

Drafting your answers and gathering supporting documents takes time, so start early. Your university may also ask to see your GS response, so it’s often wise to draft it before you apply to specific courses.

Learn how to write an effective GS requirement response with our guide.

Moving Forward

Once your offer is returned, plan for your life as a student. Set up your travel arrangements, find student housing, and learn about different health insurance options. 

Also, explore what makes your new home special, whether that’s snorkelling on Australia’s west coast, learning how to bake a lamington cake, or going to a wine tasting in the south. Engaging with your new community can help it feel like home.

A month or so before classes begin, share your arrival details with any necessary parties. Soon, you’ll be an international student in Australia. Happy travels!

Ready to find a course that matches your academic goals? Use the free ApplyBoard platform to find it.

The post Australian Postgraduate Application Guide for International Students appeared first on ApplyBoard.

Australia is home to some of the world’s top-ranked colleges and universities, which offer respected degrees in high-demand fields. Previously, we explored topics like student visas for Australia and how to apply for Australian undergraduate courses, as well as what it’s like living in Australia, and why you might want to study there.

Below, we’ll focus on Australia’s education system, including:

• How Australia’s education system works
• Academic qualifications you can get in Australia
• Types of foundation programs offered

How Does Australia’s Education System Work?

Australia’s education system is supported by national standards which help to ensure that all students receive a high-quality education. The system includes primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of education. 

In Australia, the term school is used for primary and secondary education, while tertiary education includes Vocational Education and Training (VET), and higher education.

School

School is similar across all of Australia’s states and territories. Attending primary and secondary education is mandatory for children aged six to sixteen (Year 1 to Year 9 or 10). 

School has three standard study levels: 

• Primary: Lasts seven or eight years, starting at kindergarten/preparatory through to Year 6 or 7.
• Secondary: Runs for three or four years, from Year 7 to 10 or from Year 8 to 10.
• Senior Secondary: Runs for two years (Years 11 and 12).

Prepare to study in Australia by making a budget. Use our guide for up-to-date cost of living numbers, from rent to average restaurant costs.

Tertiary Education

Tertiary education in Australia includes both Vocational Education and Training (VET) and degree courses at colleges and universities. International students may pursue both types of tertiary education, provided they meet the individual course requirements.

Vocational Education and Training

Vocational Education and Training (VET) focuses on career readiness and can be an excellent choice for students who want to enter the workforce quickly in skilled trades or technical roles.

VET certificate and diploma courses are more hands-on than theoretical, and often include work placements or workplace-based learning. After graduation, some VET students pursue semiskilled, skilled, trade, and paraprofessional careers. Meanwhile, others use their qualifications as a ‘ladder’ towards a degree or a specialized graduate certification.

Australia’s VET sector is based on a partnership between governments and industry, and is regulated nationally. 

VET qualifications may be earned at:

• Government-owned colleges, called Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutes
• Independent registered training organisations (RTOs)
• Private colleges
• Dual sector universities that offer VET and higher education courses
• Some senior secondary schools

Let’s learn a bit more about each of these types of institution.

Technical and Further Education (TAFE) Institutes

Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institutes are government-funded colleges for vocational learning. TAFEs can be very large institutions with a variety of course options.

Some TAFEs are affiliated with universities. This allows them to offer bachelor’s degrees through their partner university.

Independent Registered Training Organisations (RTOs)

RTOs teach accredited VET courses at campuses that are independently operated (i.e. without government funding). They offer training that’s aligned with current industry needs, and range in size from small, industry-specific organizations to national education providers. 

Some RTOs offer online, self-paced, or part-time studies. While this flexibility can be attractive, ensure your target course’s format aligns with your student visa’s requirements.

Private Colleges

VET is also offered at private colleges in Australia. Unlike TAFEs, private colleges typically specialize in one to two different study areas within a specific industry. Larger colleges offer a breadth of courses, and often have a religious affiliation.

VET in Schools

Some senior secondary schools also offer VET programs. Where eligible, students can earn a VET Certificate I, II, III, or IV alongside their Senior Secondary Certificate of Education.

Higher Education

Higher education includes bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degree courses. These courses are offered at all Australian universities, and at some VET institutions.

Universities are Australia’s primary Higher Education Institutes (HEIs). There are currently 42 universities in Australia. Universities offer undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses in all areas of study. Some universities are dual-status, which means they offer VET and higher education courses.

Universities have a more academic focus. Students develop a deeper knowledge of the field they’re specializing in (referred to as their “major” or “area of specialization”). They also develop professional, transferable skills along with industry-specific occupational skills.

Qualifications

Australian academic qualifications largely fit into three categories. Each qualification has its own level on the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF):

• Certificates: Certificates are offered in schools and VETs. They provide introductory skills and training from Levels 1 to 4 on the AQF. Graduate certificates provide higher-level skills (AQF Level 6) and are popular among students who are upskilling.
• Diplomas: Diplomas can be earned in VETs and in some HEIs. This qualification includes diplomas (AQF Level 5), advanced diplomas (Level 6), and graduate diplomas (Level 8).
• Degrees: Degrees are typically granted by HEIs after the completion of an academic course, and include associate (AQF Level 6) bachelor’s (Levels 7 and 8), master’s (Level 9) degrees, and doctoral degrees (Level 10).

Does Australia Offer Foundation Programs?

Pathway programs help international students to meet a VET or degree course’s entry requirements. This might include taking an English Language Intensive Course for Overseas Students (ELICOS), or enrolling in foundation studies or a bridging course. 

Here’s a quick look at what these options mean:

• English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS): Provides intensive, short-term English language training before formal studies.
• Bridging Course: A short course, often lasting a few weeks to a couple of months. It helps students meet subject-specific prerequisite requirements for admission into a higher education course (i.e.: math, physics).
• Foundation Studies: Usually a one-year preparatory course that gives students the overall academic skills they need to start a bachelor’s degree in Australia.

No matter the study level you decide to pursue in Australia, it’s guaranteed to be the first step in an exciting new chapter.

Ready to study Down Under? Explore your study options on the ApplyBoard platform. Don’t forget to tailor your search with our program match function, or scholarship tags.

The post A Guide to the Australian Education System appeared first on ApplyBoard.